In an actual transformer, there will be some resistance in both sides winding i.e primary & secondary winding due to the presence of copper winding .
Now, we describe what is the effect in transformer due to presence of winding resistance but no magnetic leakage ?
Fig-1
Let, R1 = Primary winding resistance, R2 =Secondary winding resistance, V1= Primary applied voltage, V2=Secondary terminal voltage, E1= Primary induced e.m.f, E2= Secondary induced e.m.f, I1= Primary current, I2= Secondary Current, ( which are shown in fig-1 )
a) Due to the presence of secondary winding resistance ( R2), an amount I2R2 voltage drop will be occurred in the secondary winding. Hence, the secondary Terminal voltage (V2) is equal to the vector difference of E2 and resistance voltage drop I2R2,
i.e V2=E2-I2R2
b) Similarly, Primary induced e.m.f E1 is equal to the vector difference of V1 and primary resistance voltage drop I1R1,
i.e E1=V1 - I1R1
The vector diagrams are shown below on different loading condition of transformer at no magnetic leakage :-
Fig-2 ( When Load is Non-Inductive)
Fig-3 ( When Load is Inductive)
Fig-4 ( When Load is Capacitive)
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